Satiety on a Plant Based Diet

Randomized Controlled Trial

doi: 10.3390/nu11010157.

A Plant-Based Meal Increases Gastrointestinal Hormones and Satiety More Than an Energy- and Macronutrient-Matched Processed-Meat Meal in T2D, Obese, and Healthy Men: A Three-Group Randomized Crossover Study

Affiliations

• PMID: 30642053
• PMCID: PMC6357017
• DOI: 10.3390/nu11010157

Free PMC article

Randomized Controlled Trial

A Plant-Based Meal Increases Gastrointestinal Hormones and Satiety More Than an Energy- and Macronutrient-Matched Processed-Meat Meal in T2D, Obese, and Healthy Men: A Three-Group Randomized Crossover Study

Marta Klementova  et al. Nutrients. 2019 .

Free PMC article

Abstract

Gastrointestinal hormones are involved in regulation of glucose metabolism and satiety. We tested the acute effect of meal composition on these hormones in three population groups. A randomized crossover design was used to examine the effects of two energy- and macronutrient-matched meals: a processed-meat and cheese (M-meal) and a vegan meal with tofu (V-meal) on gastrointestinal hormones, and satiety in men with type 2 diabetes (T2D, n = 20), obese men (O, n = 20), and healthy men (H, n = 20). Plasma concentrations of glucagon-like peptide -1 (GLP-1), amylin, and peptide YY (PYY) were determined at 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min. Visual analogue scale was used to assess satiety. We used repeated-measures Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for statistical analysis. Postprandial secretion of GLP-1 increased after the V-meal in T2D (by 30.5%; 95%CI 21.2 to 40.7%; p < 0.001) and H (by 15.8%; 95%CI 8.6 to 23.5%; p = 0.01). Postprandial plasma concentrations of amylin increased in in all groups after the V-meal: by 15.7% in T2D (95%CI 11.8 to 19.6%; p < 0.001); by 11.5% in O (95%CI 7.8 to 15.3%; p = 0.03); and by 13.8% in H (95%CI 8.4 to 19.5%; p < 0.001). An increase in postprandial values of PYY after the V-meal was significant only in H (by 18.9%; 95%CI 7.5 to 31.3%; p = 0.03). Satiety was greater in all participants after the V-meal: by 9% in T2D (95%CI 4.4 to 13.6%; p = 0.004); by 18.7% in O (95%CI 12.8 to 24.6%; p < 0.001); and by 25% in H (95%CI 18.2 to 31.7%; p < 0.001). Our results indicate there is an increase in gut hormones and satiety, following consumption of a single plant-based meal with tofu when compared with an energy- and macronutrient-matched processed-meat meat and cheese meal, in healthy, obese and diabetic men.

Keywords: gastrointestinal hormones; nutrition; plant-based; satiety; type 2 diabetes.

Conflict of interest statement

Hana Kahleova is Director of Clinical Research at Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, a non-profit organization providing nutrition research and education. None declared.

Figures

Figure 1

Enrollment of the participants and completion of the study.

Figure 2

Postprandial changes in plasma concentrations of gastrointestinal hormones and in satiety in patients with diabetes (D), obese subjects (O), and healthy controls (H) after the ingestion of the processed-meat meat M-meal (M, blue) and the vegan V-meal (V, orange). Data are expressed as mean with 95% confidence intervals, using a repeated-measures Analysis of variance (ANOVA). * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001. (A): GLP-1: Meal: F = 19.3, p < 0.001; Group: F = 115.9, p < 0.001; Meal × Group: F = 1.2, p = 0.309; Subj (Group): F = 16.3, p < 0.001. (B): Amylin: Meal: F = 33, p < 0.001; Group: F = 469.1, p < 0.001; Meal × Group: F = 0.7, p = 0.506; Subj (Group): F = 21.3, p < 0.001. (C): PYY: Meal: F = 4, p = 0.05; Group: F = 40.7, p < 0.001; Meal × Group: F = 0.6, p = 0.532; Subj (Group): F = 17, p < 0.001. (D): Satiety: Meal: F = 25.6, p < 0.001; Group: F = 33, p < 0.001; Meal × Group: F = 0.8, p = 0.472; Subj (Group): F = 5.6, p < 0.001.

Figure 3

Correlation of postprandial concentrations of Δ GLP-1 and Δ PYY after both meals in all men. Spearman's correlation was calculated for the relationship between changes in concentrations of investigated parameters. r = 0.511, p < 0.001.

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Satiety on a Plant Based Diet

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30642053/#:~:text=Randomized%20Crossover%20Study-,A%20Plant%2DBased%20Meal%20Increases%20Gastrointestinal%20Hormones%20and%20Satiety%20More,Nutrients.

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